This new stays of 293 some one relationship towards the Viking period (9–11th C Post) was basically checked out out-of 8 burial internet
This article publishes the fresh new AMS 14 C dates out of 13 ponies in earlier times assigned to the Migration several months, in addition to osteometric data and age of ponies found from inside the Lithuanian cemeteries of your 3rd–14th C Post, over two hundred somebody altogether. The research abilities corrected the present chronology of your own burials, and also the osteometric investigation allowed a different sort of investigations out-of whether or not the ponies on the Migration months really are outstanding in dimensions inside the perspective of Lithuanian horses about third in order to 14th C Advertisement. The plentiful study as well as acceptance a review of the growth of the dimensions and you will age the fresh new ponies inside the Lithuania amongst the 3rd and you can 14th C Ad.
dos.step 1. Zooarchaeological Studies
Almost 400 horse skeletal remains included in Lithuanian burial websites regarding the third–14th C Advertising were reviewed ( Shape 1 ); yet not, because of bad maintenance, simply more than two hundred individuals were suitable for next dimensions and ages analysis. The newest burial sites was in fact divided into around three chronological organizations. A maximum of 21 individuals from six burial sites were tasked towards the Later Roman–post-Migration months (3rd–seventh C Advertisement); thirteen horses from this period was indeed individually AMS fourteen C-dated. They certainly were some body picked for the 87 Sr/ 86 Sr analysis, the outcome from which is actually penned during the yet another guide . To help you distinguish between horses (Equus caballus), donkeys (Equus asinus), and you may mules, the brand new methods discussed because of the Johnstone try used.
Place out of internet stated regarding text: 1-Paduobe-Saltaliune III, 2-Pagrybis, 3-Pavajuonis-Rekuciai, 4-Plinkaigalis, 5-Taurapilis, 6-Marvele, 7-Degsne-Labotiskes, 8-Jaksiskis, 9-Kretuonai, 10-Salakas, 11-Varliskes, 12-Obeliai, 13-Pakalniskiai, 14-Masteikiai, 15-Kernave, 16-Memelburg (Klaipeda), 17-Vilnius.
Many, except for eight anyone, were based in the Marvele burial website during the main Lithuania. Analysis of one’s archaeological context and also the grave products lets to expand matchmaking of some of burials to your twelfth C Offer. Therefore, brand new authoritative end of the Viking period (1066) hasn’t been considered, each other because of the calculate matchmaking of them burial sites and you may by the historic and you can archaeological perspective: zero major break-in a brief history out of Lithuania through to the establishment of condition on the 13th C Offer is observed.
Ponies of around three burial web sites dating back brand new 13–14th C Ad was in fact allotted to the fresh new gothic period. In such a case, a few of the burials might actually day towards the 12th C Offer however they are hard to distinguish throughout the afterwards ones. The brand new gothic horse classification together with provided skeleton off ponies away from a couple of castles and something city of the newest 13–14th C Offer: twenty five metatarsals and you can metacarpals was basically chosen away from Kernave gothic city, nine on Vilnius Straight down castle, and 8 out-of Memelburg, the brand new castle of your own Teutonic Order, present-go out Klaipeda. You will find included ponies on the settlement internet sites in order to render just like the purpose an image of medieval ponies to, depending besides for the folks from average burial sites however, and additionally out-of contexts linked to the better personal strata (Vilnius, Kernave) as well as the Acquisition. Altogether, new stays out-of 92 citizens were examined from the gothic months. With this browse, skeletal remains of all the Lithuanian horses known to the brand new article writers out of 3rd–14th C Offer burial web sites were checked-out.
2. Question and methods
A few of the pony skeletons was poorly kept and you can an inappropriate to possess osteometric study, so the amount of people varied with regards to study of their age and you can top. Age the fresh new horses is projected from the enamel eruption , don of incisors, plus the level of the premolars and molars . Blend time of the epiphyses was also used in age review. Withers height is estimated from enough time bone dimensions making use of the corrected coefficients away from Kiesewalter [34,35]. Horses was indeed classified tinder stats centered on Brauner’s metacarpal and metatarsal slenderness index category . Specifications predicated on von den Driesh have been made having fun with an osteometric panel and you will a digital caliper with a reliability away from 0.01 cm. Pony skeletons have been sexed according to research by the visibility of the dog white teeth into the men horses more 4–five years old. But not, oftentimes, intercourse of the animal cannot feel calculated on account of destroyed bones. Much time bones dimensions, gender, plus the age of everyone are given when you look at the Dining tables S1–S4. To evaluate to possess importance, i used a great t-attempt. Reviewed horses’ remains is stored in the newest Zooarchaeological Repository of Vilnius University, Professors of history. Pony out-of Varliskes try kept in Kernave Museum, and you can pony skeletons of Paduobe-Saltaliune III and Salakas is stored in Federal Museum regarding Lithuania.
